New guidance on decontamination of trial contact lenses and other contact devices has been revealed for CJD AND vCJD
New DoH guidance on decontaminating lenses
December 4th, 2009
New guidance on decontamination of trial contact lenses and other contact devices has been revealed.
The latest recommendations from the Department of Health’s Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP) replace previous guidance issued amid fears that Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) and variant CJD (vCJD), the human form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, ‘mad cow disease’), could theoretically be transmitted from person to person by contact lenses and other devices such as tonometer heads and diagnostic lenses.
Details were discussed at the British Contact Lens Association’s Pioneers’ Conference in London late in November.
Professor Roger Buckley (pictured), a member of the ophthalmology subgroup of the ACDP’s Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Working Group established to review this advice, told BCLA members at the Royal Society of Medicine that there had been no known cases of transmission of CJD/vCJD resulting from contact lens wear or diagnostic examination, and there was now thought to be a low level of risk of infectivity of the cornea and ocular surface.
Under the new guidance, six steps are required to minimise the risk of transmission via re-used contact devices. The lens or device should be: decontaminated immediately after contact with the eye surface; rinsed in Water for Irrigation BP (not tap water) for not less than 30 seconds; cleaned on all surfaces with a liquid soap or detergent, then rinsed in Water for Irrigation BP for a further 30 seconds; immersed in a freshly-prepared solution of sodium hypochlorite providing 10,000ppm of available chlorine for ten minutes; rinsed in three changes of Water for Irrigation BP for a total of not less than ten minutes; shaken to remove excess water, dried with a disposable tissue, and stored dry in a suitable container.
Any further measure (such as autoclaving) can then be carried out, if this is necessary and if the device is designed to withstand such a process. Otherwise, it is ready for immediate re-use.
http://www.optometry.co.uk/newsview.php?id=843
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Agents: Safe Working and the Prevention of Infection: Annex C ANNEX C General principles of decontamination and waste disposal
http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@ab/documents/digitalasset/dh_108602.pdf
Alert to Urological Surgeons TRANSRECTAL PROSTATIC BIOPSY IN MEN AT RISK OF VARIANT CJD
http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@ab/documents/digitalasset/dh_106909.pdf
Ophthalmology
The Ophthalmology subgroup met twice in 2008 on 7th April and 20th June to discuss issues relating to CJD infection control in ophthalmology. The following topic groups were identified: 17 • Anterior eye • Posterior eye • Assessment tool • Decontamination of ophthalmic surgical instruments • Examination, diagnostic equipment and contact lenses • CJD incident management Members were assigned to relevant topic groups, and discussions and research were coordinated by a topic group lead. The topic groups then produced draft guidance on their particular areas of expertise towards the end of 2008. Pathology (Annex K) The Working Group drafted guidelines for pathologists and pathology laboratories for the handling of tissues from patients with, or at risk of, CJD. This document (Annex K of the Working Group guidance) is aimed at pathologists and individuals working in pathology laboratories who handle tissues from patients. It aims to ensure that laboratory staff are aware of risk factors for CJD prior to carrying out procedures on tissues. The draft annex was sent out for a limited consultation with representatives from the Royal College of Pathologists, the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, the British Neuropathological Society and the Health and Safety Executive. The Annex was approved by the Working Group at their December 2008 meeting. Annex K has since been published at:
http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acdp/tseguidance
Pre-surgery assessment (Annex J) The updates to Annex J were approved for publication by the Working Group at their February 2008 meeting, subject to some minor adjustments. The Annex was then signed off by the ACDP Chairman and published on 1st May 2008 at:
http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acdp/tseguidance
see full text ;
http://www.hse.gov.uk/aboutus/meetings/committees/acdp/ar2008.pdf
Friday, July 17, 2009
Revision to pre-surgical assessment of risk for vCJD in neurosurgery and eye surgery units Volume 3 No 28; 17 July 2009
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/07/revision-to-pre-surgical-assessment-of.html
Six steps will minimise risk from trial lenses
Revised guidance on the decontamination of trial contact lenses and other contact devices has been released by the Department of Health's (DoH) Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP).
The new guidance replaces previous advice issued amid fears that Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and variant CJD, the human form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), could theoretically be transmitted from person to person by contact lenses, tonometer heads and diagnostic lenses.
Under the new guidance, six steps are required to minimise the risk of transmission via re-used contact devices. The lens or device should be:
Decontaminated immediately after contact with the eye surface
Rinsed in Water for Irrigation BP (not tap water) for not less than 30 seconds
Cleaned on all surfaces with a liquid soap or detergent, then rinsed in Water for Irrigation BP for a further 30 seconds
Immersed in a freshly prepared solution of sodium hypochlorite providing 10,000ppm of available chlorine for 10 minutes
Rinsed in three changes of Water for Irrigation BP for a total of not less than 10 minutes
Shaken to remove excess water, dried with a disposable tissue, and stored dry in a suitable container.
Any further measure (such as autoclaving) can then be carried out, if this is necessary and if the device is designed to withstand such a process. Otherwise, it is ready for immediate re-use.
Speaking at the British Contact Lens Association's (BCLA) Pioneers' Conference in London on November 26, Professor Roger Buckley, a member of the ophthalmology subgroup of the ACDP's Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Working Group set up to review the advice, said that there had been no known cases of transmission of CJD resulting from contact lens wear or diagnostic examination and there was now thought to be a low level of risk of infectivity of the cornea and ocular surface.
Professor Buckley told BCLA members that if the recommendations were not followed practitioners could be 'on their own medico-legally'.
The full guidance, entitled Managing CJD/vCJD risk in ophthalmology can be found on the DoH website.
http://www.opticianonline.net/Articles/2009/12/14/24605/Six+steps+will+minimise+risk+from+trial+lenses.html
Wednesday, August 20, 2008
Tonometer disinfection practice in the United Kingdom: A national survey
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/tonometer-disinfection-practice-in.html
CJD Human Cornea Tissue, Recall END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 5, 2009
Posted Aug 07 2009 6:32pm
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/cjd-human-cornea-tissue-recall-end-of.html
http://stanford.wellsphere.com/cjd-article/cjd-human-cornea-tissue-recall-end-of-enforcement-report-for-august-5-2009/764280
From: TSS
Subject: Tonometer prism sterilisation: A local and UK national survey (TSE)
Date: August 24, 2007 at 1:24 pm PST
1: Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2007 Aug 17; [Epub ahead of print]
Tonometer prism sterilisation: A local and UK national survey.
Chandra A, Barsam A, Hammond CJ. West Kent Eye Centre,
Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, Kent
BR6 8ND, UK.
PURPOSE: First to audit local adherence to a protocol of use of an alcohol
wipe for each tonometry, and secondly to assess current practice nationally
in the UK. METHOD: The audit was carried out at two units: The West Kent Eye
Centre at the Princess Royal University Hospital (Orpington, UK) and Queen
Mary's Hospital (Sidcup, UK). The standard set for this audit was 100%
sterilisation. During a 1-week period in November 2005, the number of
alcohol wipes was counted in each consultation room after outpatient
clinics, with the doctors being assessed blind to the survey. The number of
Goldman applanation tonometry intra-ocular pressures recorded by each
clinician was counted by inspection of the medical records of patients seen.
Secondly, departments listed in the UK Directory of Training Posts were
contacted by telephone and the senior nurse was interviewed. They were asked
directly about their department's tonometer prism sterilisation and
management. RESULTS: The local audit showed only 54% of tonometry
measurements were associated with sterilisation using an alcohol-impregnated
wipe. The national survey included 140 of the 152 UK training departments.
Thirty-three (23.6%) departments used disposable tonometer prisms routinely.
The remaining 107 (76.4%) used non-disposable prisms. Eighty-five (60.7%)
departments provided sodium hypochlorite for prism sterilisation, with 69
(81.2%) of these departments providing more than one prism/clinician to
allow full exposure to the disinfectant. Twenty-two (15.7%) departments used
alcohol wipes. Only 8 (7.5%) of the 107 departments using non-disposable
prisms tracked these prisms, despite Royal College of Ophthalmologists
guidelines that they should be. These same 8 (7.5%) departments replaced the
non-disposable prisms as per manufacturer guidelines. 19.3% of charge nurses
were aware of a policy for tonometry in patients with, or at risk of, prion
disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that sterilisation of tonometer
prisms was inconsistent in a local audit. Nationally, practices were varied.
The majority of ophthalmology departments continued to use non-disposable
tonometer prisms, but few seemed aware of the Royal College of
Ophthalmologists' recommendation that disposable prisms are used in patients
at risk of prion disease, and few track tonometer heads or replace them
according to manufacturers guidelines. Use of disposable tonometer prisms
would seem to reduce concerns about sterilisation, as well as prevent spread
of common pathogens.
PMID: 17703987 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrezDb=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17703987&ordinalpos=6&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
143
PA-34
SPORADIC CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE: PRPRES IS CONSTANTLY PRESENT IN THE RETINA, AND RARELY IN THE OPTIC NERVE
M. Mangieri1, G. Giaccone1, L. Limido1, G. Di Fede1, S. Suardi1, R. Capobianco1, P. Fociani2, O. Bugiani1, F. Tagliavini1 1 Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Milano, Italy and 2 Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Division of Pathology, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
e-mail: mmangieri@istituto-besta.it
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is marked by the presence of the protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in the brain. Studies of the retina and optic nerve in patients with CJD are scanty and on very small series of patients. We analysed ocular tissues of sporadic CJD patients (retina of 58 and optic nerve of 51), representing all combinations of PRNP codon 129 polymorphisms and PrPres types by Parchi, except VV1. Ocular tissue from 24 patients with other neurological diseases were used as controls. The ocular tissue was collected at autopsy and the samples were fixed in Carnoy solution or frozen. Before immunohistochemistry with 3F4 antibody, the sections were pretreated with proteinase K and guanidine thiocyanate. In all cases of sCJD the retina showed immunoreactivity for PrPres localized in the inner and outer plexiform layers, with a synaptic type of labelling. No difference in the pattern of labeling was detected between CJD patients with different PRNP codon 129 polymorphisms and PrPres types in the brain. In all cases with frozen retinal tissue available (n = 18), the immunoblot was positive for PrPres . Two out of the 51 sCJD showed the deposition of PrPres also in the optic nerve, corresponding to an immunostaining delineating stellate cells and associated with the presence of numerous CD68- and CD45-positive cells. Our results demonstrate the presence of the pathological form of prion protein not only in the retina of all sCJD cases analysed, but also in optic nerve in a small subset of sCJD patients, a finding previously described only in variant CJD and in experimental animal models. Moreover, our data suggest a correlation between the deposition of PrPres and inflammatory changes in the optic nerve in sCJD.
http://www.neuroprion.com/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2006/abstract_book.pdf
----- Original Message -----
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <[log in to unmask]>
To: <[log in to unmask]>
Sent: Thursday, December 28, 2006 10:23 AM
Subject: Ophthalmic Surgery in Prion Diseases
Volume 13, Number 1–January 2007
Dispatch
Ophthalmic Surgery in Prion Diseases
Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi,*1 Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara,* Yosikazu Nakamura,†2 Takeshi
Sato,‡2 Tetsuyuki Kitamoto,§2 Hidehiro Mizusawa,¶2 and Masahito Yamada*2
*Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan;
†Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan ‡National Center for Neurology
and Psychiatry, Ichikawa, Japan; §Tohoku University Graduate School of
Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and ¶Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo,
Japan
Suggested citation for this article
Abstract
Eleven (1.8%) of 597 patients underwent ophthalmic surgery within 1 month
before the onset of prion disease or after the onset. All ophthalmologists
reused surgical instruments that had been incompletely sterilized to
eliminate infectious prion protein. Ophthalmologists should be aware of
prion diseases as a possible cause of visual symptoms and use disposable
instruments whenever possible.
Visual impairment occurs in 10% to 20% of patients with sporadic
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) during an early stage of the disease
(Heidenhain variant) (1,2). Some patients with prion diseases may visit
ophthalmologists with visual impairment due to prion diseases or with
coexisting age-related eye diseases (3,4).
Infectious prion protein (PrPSc) was identified in the retina and optic
nerve in patients with variant CJD (vCJD) and sCJD (5,6), and CJD has been
transmitted by corneal transplantation (7,8). In the World Health
Organization (WHO) guidelines, eyes were classified as highly infectious
tissues (9).
Secondary transmission of PrPSc through ophthalmic surgery could possibly be
prevented around the onset of prion diseases, although surgery that is
performed long before the onset of prion diseases would not have that
potential. It is important to understand the current status of ophthalmic
surgery for patients with prion diseases and to clarify the clinical
features of the patients with prion diseases who undergo ophthalmic surgery.
Here, we describe the relevant data from CJD surveillance in Japan.
The Study.....snip full text ;
http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0612&L=sanet-mg&P=24255
----- Original Message -----
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <[log in to unmask]>
To: <[log in to unmask]>
Sent: Wednesday, December 27, 2006 12:21 PM
Subject: ABNORMAL PRION ACCUMULATION ASSOCIATED WITH RETINAL PATHOLOGY IN
EXPERIMENTALLY INOCULATED SCRAPIE-AFFECTED SHEEP
http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0612&L=sanet-mg&P=24048
Eye procedure raises CJD concerns
November 19, 2004 United Press International by STEVE MITCHELL
A New York man who died from a rare brain disorder similar to mad cow disease in May underwent an eye procedure prior to his death that raises concerns about the possibility of transmitting the fatal disease to others, United Press International has learned.
The development comes on the heels of the announcement Thursday by U.S. Department of Agriculture officials of a possible second case of mad cow disease in U.S. herds.
Richard Da Silva, 58, of Orange County, N.Y., died from Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, an incurable brain-wasting illness that strikes about one person per million.
Richard's wife Ann Marie Da Silva told UPI he underwent a check for the eye disease glaucoma in 2003, approximately a year before his death. The procedure involves the use of a tonometer, which contacts the cornea -- an eye tissue that can contain prions, the infectious agent thought to cause CJD.
Ann Marie's concern is that others who had the tonometer used on them could have gotten infected.
A 2003 study by British researchers suggests her concerns may be justified. A team led by J.W. Ironside from the National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit at the University of Edinburgh examined tonometer heads and found they can retain cornea tissue that could infect other people -- even after cleaning and decontaminating the instrument.
"Retained corneal epithelial cells, following the standard decontamination routine of tonometer prisms, may represent potential prion infectivity," the researchers wrote in the British Journal of Ophthalmology last year. "Once the infectious agent is on the cornea, it could theoretically infect the brain."
Prions, misfolded proteins thought to be the cause of mad cow, CJD and similar diseases, are notoriously difficult to destroy and are capable of withstanding most sterilization procedures.
Laura Manuelidis, an expert on these diseases and section chief of surgery in the neuropathology department at Yale University, agreed with the British researchers that tonometers represent a potential risk of passing CJD to other people.
Manuelidis told UPI she has been voicing her concern about the risks of corneas since 1977 when her own study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, showed the eye tissue, if infected, could transmit CJD.
At the time the procedure was done on Richard Da Silva, about a year before he died, she said it was "absolutely" possible he was infectious.
The CJD Incidents Panel, a body of experts set up by the U.K. Department of Health, noted in a 2001 report that procedures involving the cornea are considered medium risk for transmitting CJD. The first two patients who have a contaminated eye instrument used on them have the highest risk of contracting the disease, the panel said.
In 1999, the U.K. Department of Health banned opticians from reusing equipment that came in contact with patients' eyes out of concern it could result in the transmission of variant CJD, the form of the disease humans can contract from consuming infected beef products.
Richard Da Silva was associated with a cluster of five other cases of CJD in southern New York that raised concerns about vCJD.
None of the cases have been determined to stem from mad cow disease, but concerns about the cattle illness in the United States could increase in light of the USDA announcement Thursday that a cow tested positive on initial tests for the disease. If confirmed, this would be the second U.S. case of the illness; the first was detected in a Washington cow last December. The USDA said the suspect animal disclosed Thursday did not enter the food chain. The USDA did not release further details about the cow, but said results from further lab tests to confirm the initial tests were expected within seven days.
Ann Marie Da Silva said she informed the New York Health Department and later the eye doctor who performed the procedure about her husband's illness and her concerns about the risk of transmitting CJD via the tonometer.
The optometrist -- whom she declined to name because she did not want to jeopardize his career -- "didn't even know what this disease was," she said.
"He said the health department never called him and I called them (the health department) back and they didn't seem concerned about it," she added. "I just kept getting angrier and angrier when I felt I was being dismissed."
She said the state health department "seems to have an attitude of don't ask, don't tell" about CJD.
"There's a stigma attached to it," she said. "Is it because they're so afraid the public will panic? I don't know, but I don't think that the answer is to push things under the rug."
New York State Department of Health spokeswoman Claire Pospisil told UPI she would look into whether the agency was concerned about the possibility of transmitting CJD via tonometers, but she had not called back prior to story publication.
Disposable tonometers are readily available and could avoid the risk of transmitting the disease, Ironside and colleagues noted in their study. Ann Marie Da Silva said she asked the optometrist whether he used disposable tonometers and "he said 'No, it's a reusable one.'"
Ironside's team also noted other ophthalmic instruments come into contact with the cornea and could represent a source of infection as they are either difficult to decontaminate or cannot withstand the harsh procedures necessary to inactivate prions. These include corneal burrs, diagnostic and therapeutic contact lenses and other coated lenses.
Terry Singletary, whose mother died from a type of CJD called Heidenhain Variant, told UPI health officials were not doing enough to prevent people from being infected by contaminated medical equipment.
"They've got to start taking this disease seriously and they simply aren't doing it," said Singletary, who is a member of CJD Watch and CJD Voice -- advocacy groups for CJD patients and their families.
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention spokeswoman Christine Pearson did not return a phone call from UPI seeking comment. The agency's Web site states the eye is one of three tissues, along with the brain and spinal cord, that are considered to have "high infectivity."
The Web site said more than 250 people worldwide have contracted CJD through contaminated surgical instruments and tissue transplants. This includes as many as four who were infected by corneal grafts. The agency noted no such cases have been reported since 1976, when sterilization procedures were instituted in healthcare facilities.
Ironside and colleagues noted in their study, however, many disinfection procedures used on optical instruments, such as tonometers, fail. They wrote their finding of cornea tissue on tonometers indicates that "no current cleaning and disinfection strategy is fully effective."
Singletary said CDC's assertion that no CJD cases from infected equipment or tissues have been detected since 1976 is misleading.
"They have absolutely no idea" whether any cases have occurred in this manner, he said, because CJD cases often aren't investigated and the agency has not required physicians nationwide report all casesof CJD.
"There's no national surveillance unit for CJD in the United States; people are dying who aren't autopsied, the CDC has no way of knowing" whether people have been infected via infected equipment or tissues, he said.
Ann Marie Da Silva said she has contacted several members of her state's congressional delegation about her concerns, including Rep. Sue Kelly, R-N.Y., and Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y.
"Basically, what I want is to be a positive force in this, but I also want more of a dialogue going on with the public and the health department," she said.
http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Science/2004/11/18/eye_procedure_raises_cjd_concerns/2974/
http://www.organicconsumers.org/madcow/CJD111904.cfm
Cadaver corneal transplants -- without family permission
Houston, Texas channel 11 news 28 Nov 99
Reported by Terry S. Singeltary Sr.son of CJD victim
http://www.mad-cow.org/dec99_news.html#bbb
Subject: RE-The Eyes Have It (cjd) and they could be stealing them from your loved one... "pay back time"
Date: Sat, 16 Sep 2000 10:04:26 -0700
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de
######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########
Greetings List Members,
I hate to keep kicking a madcow, but this still is very disturbing
to me. Not only for the recipient of the cornea's, but as well, for
the people whom would be operated on, using the same tools that
were used to put those stolen cornea's in the recipient with.
No history of this donor or his family (re-ffi), or anything
would be known, using stolen organs and or tissue's. I just think
this is not only wrong, but very dangerous to a great many other
people, as this is one of the most infectious tissues of TSE's. It seems
that this practice of stealing organ/tissue happens more than we think.
Anyway, the family of the victim which had their cornea's stolen, are
now suing. In the example I used with my Mother, if 3 months before, she
would have been in a catastrophic accident (car wreck, whatever), no
autopsy (for whatever reason), no family (for whatever reason), she lay
in the morgue, and after 4 hours, they come steal the cornea's, lot of
people could have been infected, just because of lack of medical history
of donor/family. It may be hypothetical, but very real. We need to stop
the spread of this disease.
kind regards,
Terry S. Singeltary Sr., Bacliff, Texas USA
===========================================
Previous story--
Cadaver corneal transplants -- without family permission...
http://www.mad-cow.org/~tom/dec99_news.html#bbb
===============================================
Sept. 15, 2000, 11:39PM
Slain woman's family sues over
missing eyes
By BILL MURPHY
Copyright 2000 Houston Chronicle
The family of a woman who was stabbed to death last year has
filed a lawsuit accusing the Lions Eye Bank of Houston of
removing the woman's eyes without permission and inserting
plastic discs in their place.
Daisy Diaz's relatives were horrified when they saw her body
and noticed her eyes were missing, said their lawyer, Duncan
Neblett III.
"They're a Catholic family," Neblett said. "They have strong
beliefs about the body and burial. They were really upset by
this."
Dorey Zidrow, the eye bank's spokeswoman, said she could
not specifically discuss the Diaz case because it was in litigation.
But Zidrow said a state law allows doctors to remove corneas
-- the dime-sized lens near the eye's surface -- from a corpse
without the family's permission.
The eye bank's usual procedure calls for removing the corneas,
Zidrow said, but not the entire eyes.
"There are an awful lot of people who benefit from this program
in the state of Texas," she said.
Diaz, 25, was stabbed to death in her apartment in the 400
block of Thornton in October. Her brother-in-law, 30-year-old
Raudel Quiroz, is charged in the killing but has not been caught.
Neblett said authorities have told him Quiroz may have returned
to his native Guatemala.
Neither Diaz nor her family had given permission to donate any
of her organs, Neblett said.
Although state law allows corneas to be removed from corpses
without first gaining the family's permission, they cannot be
removed over the family's stated objection.
The eye bank is located at, and staffed by, the Baylor College
of Medicine, and receives part of its funding from the Lions
Club.
The Diaz lawsuit is the second such suit to be filed against the
eye bank in recent years.
The family of Levi Perry Jr., a Houston teacher shot to death in
MacGregor Park in 1994, also alleged in their suit that Perry's
eyes were removed. The family was awarded $345,000 from
the eye bank in April 1999.
http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/story.hts/metropolitan/669555
==========================================================
THE LEGALITY OF STEALING ORGAN/TISSUE...
TEXAS STATUTES
Sec. 693.012. Removal of Corneal Tissue Permitted Under Certain
Circumstances.
On a request from an authorized official of an eye bank for corneal
tissue, a justice of the peace or medical examiner may permit the
removal of corneal tissue if:
(1) the decedent from whom the tissue is to be removed died under
circumstances requiring an inquest by the justice of the peace or
medical examiner;
(2) no objection by a person listed in Section 693.013 is known by the
justice of the peace or medical examiner; and
(3) the removal of the corneal tissue will not interfere with the
subsequent course of an investigation or autopsy or alter the decedent's
postmortem facial appearance.
Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 678, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Note: This information includes legislation enacted through the 75th
Congress. The 76th session of the Texas Legislature has concluded. The
State of Texas has not yet made the new codes available to the public.
Until they do, search the bill text for any changes or amendments.
Search 1999 Legislation for: 693.012
--------------------------------------------------------
TEXAS STATUTES
Sec. 693.003. Consent Required in Certain Circumstances.
(a) A medical examiner or a person acting on the authority of a medical
examiner may not remove a visceral organ unless the medical examiner
or person obtains the consent of a person listed in Section 693.004.
(b) If a person listed in Section 693.004 is known and available within
four hours after death is pronounced, a medical examiner or a person
acting on the authority of a medical examiner may not remove a
nonvisceral organ or tissue unless the medical examiner or person
obtains that person's consent.
(c) If a person listed in Section 693.004 cannot be identified and
contacted within four hours after death is pronounced and the medical
examiner determines that no reasonable likelihood exists that a person
can be identified and contacted during the four-hour period, the medical
examiner may permit the removal of a nonvisceral organ or tissue.
Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 678, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Note: This information includes legislation enacted through the 75th
Congress. The 76th session of the Texas Legislature has concluded. The
State of Texas has not yet made the new codes available to the public.
Until they do, search the bill text for any changes or amendments.
Search 1999 Legislation for: 693.003
--------------------------------------------------------
PLEASE NOTE; the bottom would only pertain to those who know of the
law. if you don't know about it, you cannot dispute, so in four hours,
they can legally remove body organs, as long as they don't disfigure.
and who is to know the difference? makes me wonder of some of my dead
relatives, and if they were burried with their eye's and or any of their
organs. This is very disturbing, if not for moral reasons, but for the
risk of dangerous pathogens (human TSE's, etc.) to be transmitted. only
time will tell, but i am very disturbed.
these laws are not morally correct. They should be re-written as to they
cannot so easily take your organs, with no one knowing. The Family or
Victim, must consent. There should be some kind of research
on donor/family medical history...TSS
--------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 693.013. Persons Who May Object to Removal.
The following persons may object to the removal of corneal tissue:
(1) the decedent's spouse;
(2) the decedent's adult children, if there is no spouse;
(3) the decedent's parents, if there is no spouse or adult child; or
(4) the decedent's brothers or sisters, if there is no spouse, adult
child, or parent.
Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 678, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Note: This information includes legislation enacted through the 75th
Congress. The 76th session of the Texas Legislature has concluded. The
State of Texas has not yet made the new codes available to the public.
Until they do, search the bill text for any changes or amendments.
Search 1999 Legislation for: 693.013
-------------------------------------------------------
to cover one's butt....
Sec. 693.014. Immunity From Damages in Civil Action.
(a) In a civil action brought by a person listed in Section 693.013 who
did not object before the removal of corneal tissue, a medical examiner,
justice of the peace, or eye bank official is not liable for damages on
a theory of civil recovery based on a contention that the person's
consent was required before the corneal tissue could be removed.
(b) Chapter 104, Civil Practice and Remedies Code, applies to a justice
of the peace, medical examiner, and their personnel who remove, permit
removal, or deny removal of corneal tissue under this subchapter as if
the justice of the peace, medical examiner, and their personnel were
state officers or employees.
Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 678, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Note: This information includes legislation enacted through the 75th
Congress. The 76th session of the Texas Legislature has concluded. The
State of Texas has not yet made the new codes available to the public.
Until they do, search the bill text for any changes or amendments.
Search 1999 Legislation for: 693.014
[[[as you can see, they knew it was wrong when they wrote the laws. or
they would not have covered the rear-ends so well...TSS]]]
---------------------------------------------------------
thanks again,
kind regards,
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
############ http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html ############
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. (216-119-138-149.ipset18.wt.net)
Subject: Trial Contact Lenses and RE-USE in the U.S. & CJD, no threat says FDA???
Date: October 7, 2000 at 9:19 am PST
Subject: Trial Contact Lenses and RE-USE in the U.S. & CJD, no threat says FDA???
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 2000 10:27:03 -0700
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de
######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########
Greetings List Members,
It just never ceases to amaze me, that the FDA and the rest of
the different political governmental bodies that are suppose to
protect us, but instead, choose to protect their best interest$
the corporate industries that donate all the cash$ there has been
plenty of warning and tests to prove of some sort of infectivity
in the eyes. the fda speaks of no test for the tears, well hell, there
is no test that will detect it period, but yet you still die from it.
does not mean it is not there. when will they wake up? sporadic
CJD is coming from somewhere and they had better start looking as to
where it is coming from. this is just more typical B.S.eee. please
read the ignorance, below....
thank you,
Terry S. Singeltary Sr., Bacliff, Texas USA
Subject: 09-018 - gsc - flounder@wt.net - concern of CJD transmission
with trial contact lenses
Date: Fri, 06 Oct 2000 14:49:24 -0400
From: "Clark, Geoffrey S."
To: "'flounder@wt.net'"
CC: "Warburton, Karen" ,
"CDRH Small Manu. Assistance"
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.:
I have discussed your concerns with our Device Evaluation staff who have
provided the following information:
The risk of CJD transmission through the use of trial (fitting) contact
lenses is extremely low and at present unmeasureable. There have been
no documented cases of CJD transmission via a contact lens or contact
lens solution. It is highly unlikely that the CJD agent would be
present on the surface of the cornea or present in the tears of an
infected person. Additionally, the use of trial lens sets has been
declining in the US over the past 10 years as the soft contact lens
market has shifted to lenses dispensed in non-reusable blister packs.
Therefore, a formal recommendation against the use of trial lenses
because of potential CJD transmission is not appropriate at this time.
Please feel free to contact me if I can be of additional assistance.
=<:"Geoff Clark gsc@cdrh.fda.gov from PC 5074275; Room 130H <> (HFZ-220)
1350 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850-4307
800.638.2041x122
fax.301.443.8818
=========================================================================
From: Winston, F. Blix
Sent: Tuesday, September 05, 2000 5:00 PM
To: Clark, Geoffrey S.
Subject: 09-018 - flounder@wt.net
Geoff,
This came into the DSMA account. Would you please respond?
Thanks, Blix
-----Original Message-----
From: WEBO@CDRH.FDA.GOV [SMTP:WEBO@CDRH.FDA.GOV]
Sent: Friday, September 01, 2000 9:27 AM
To: DSMA@CDRH.FDA.GOV
Subject: DSMA Email Form Response
Name: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
Phone Number: Na
Fax Number: Na
Email Address: flounder@wt.net
Mailing Address:
P.O.
Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
Questions/Comments:
P990072
*In relation to human Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy and
Contact Lens
i think it would be to everyone's best interest, "IF" the practice of
"RE-USING" _display_ contact lens in the commercial aspect takes place
in the U.S., this practice must be stopped. Please allow me to explain.
In the U.K., the practice of having display of different colors of
contact lens on display, for the consumer to try on, and see how they
look with the different colors. These contact lens were then re-used
over and over. No standard cleaning cleaning solution and or
auto-claving procedure will kill the TSE agent. This is known fact.
Plus, the U.K. has 'BANNED' this practice due to vCJD and sCJD (if i am
not mistaken), but regardless, both can transmit the TSE agent. I will
not waste my time trying to explain this in this box, will post a few
URLS and you will see what i speak of if you care.
But the eyes, brain, pituitary are the most infectious parts, of an
infective species. Trust me, i know what i speak of.......
thank you,
Terry S. Singeltary SR.
=======================
ISSUE 1490
Thursday 24 June 1999
CJD alert over contact lenses
By David Brown, Agriculture Editor
PEOPLE risk catching the human form of mad cow disease from re-used
contact lenses, scientists warned the Government yesterday.
They urged the Department of Health to stop opticians re-using trial
lenses among their clients to help prevent further outbreaks of the new
variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease which has killed 41 people so far.
The warning came from the Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory
Committee, the independent team of scientists advising the Government on
BSE and CJD. Ministers are expected to ban the re-use of these lenses as
a precaution, which could mean higher prices for consumers.
In a statement, the committee said: "Any potential risk is probably very
low, but the committee felt strongly that the Department of Health
should encourage opticians to adopt, as a matter of best practice, the
single use of trial lenses followed by safe disposal." Sir John
Pattison, the committee's chairman, said it was surprised to learn that
it was common practice among opticians to try the same contact lenses on
several clients.
It was known that the classical variety of CJD, the kind which was known
before the new variant (vCJD) was announced in 1996 and linked to BSE,
had been spread in the past by transplants of infected corneas.
The committee noted that the eyes are directly connected to the brain,
the main seat of BSE and CJD. The warning applied to vCJD and the
classical variety of the fatal brain disease.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk:80/et?ac=003588399104365&rtmo=0iJRs00q&atmo=tttttttd&pg=/et/99/6/24/ncjd24.html
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
MARCH 26, 2003
RE-Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States
Email Terry S. Singeltary:
flounder@wt.net
I lost my mother to hvCJD (Heidenhain Variant CJD). I would like to comment on the CDC's attempts to monitor the occurrence of emerging forms of CJD. Asante, Collinge et al [1] have reported that BSE transmission to the 129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype that is indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest sporadic CJD. However, CJD and all human TSEs are not reportable nationally. CJD and all human TSEs must be made reportable in every state and internationally. I hope that the CDC does not continue to expect us to still believe that the 85%+ of all CJD cases which are sporadic are all spontaneous, without route/source. We have many TSEs in the USA in both animal and man. CWD in deer/elk is spreading rapidly and CWD does transmit to mink, ferret, cattle, and squirrel monkey by intracerebral inoculation. With the known incubation periods in other TSEs, oral transmission studies of CWD may take much longer. Every victim/family of CJD/TSEs should be asked about route and source of this agent. To prolong this will only spread the agent and needlessly expose others. In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535
Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States 2003 revisited 2009
August 10, 2009
Greetings,
I would like to submit a review of past CJD surveillance in the USA, and the urgent need to make all human TSE in the USA a reportable disease, in every state, of every age group, and to make this mandatory immediately without further delay. The ramifications of not doing so will only allow this agent to spread further in the medical, dental, surgical arena's. North America seems to have the most species with documented Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy's, most all of which have been rendered and fed back to food producing animals and to humans for years. If you look at the statistics, sporadic CJD seems to be rising in the USA, and has been, with atypical cases of the sCJD. I find deeply disturbing in the year of 2009, that Human Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy of any strain and or phenotype, of all age groups, and I stress all age groups, because human TSE's do not know age, and they do not know borders. someone 56 years old, that has a human TSE, that has surgery, can pass this TSE agent on i.e. friendly fire, and or passing it forward, and there have been documented nvCJD in a 74 year old. Remembering also that only sporadic CJD has been documented to transmit via iatrogenic routes, until recently with the 4 cases of blood related transmission, of which the origin is thought to be nvCJD donors. However most Iatrogenic CJD cases are nothing more than sporadic CJD, until the source is proven, then it becomes Iatrogenic. An oxymoron of sorts, because all sporadic CJD is, are multiple forms, or strains, or phenotypes of Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, that the route and source and species have not been confirmed and or documented. When will the myth of the UKBSEnvCJD only theory be put to bed for good. This theory in my opinion, and the following there from, as the GOLD STANDARD, has done nothing more than help spread this agent around the globe. Politics and money have caused the terrible consequences to date, and the fact that TSEs are a slow incubating death, but a death that is 100% certain for those that are exposed and live long enough to go clinical. once clinical, there is no recourse, to date. But, while sub-clinical, how many can one exposed human infect? Can humans exposed to CWD and scrapie strains pass it forward as some form of sporadic CJD in the surgical and medical arenas? why must we wait decades and decades to prove this point, only to expose millions needlessly, only for the sake of the industries involved? would it not have been prudent from the beginning to just include all TSE's, and rule them out from there with transmission studies and change policies there from, as opposed to doing just the opposite? The science of TSE's have been nothing more than a political circus since the beginning, and for anyone to still believe in this one strain, one group of bovines, in one geographical location, with only one age group of human TSE i.e. nvCJD myth, for anyone to believe this today only enhances to spreading of these human and animal TSE's. This is exactly why we have been in this quagmire.
The ones that believe that there is a spontaneous CJD in 85%+ of all cases of human TSE, and the ones that do not believe that cattle can have this same phenomenon, are two of the same, the industry, and so goes the political science aspect of this tobacco and or asbestos scenario i.e. follow the money. I could go into all angles of this man made nightmare, the real facts and science, for instance, the continuing rendering technology and slow cooking with low temps that brewed this stew up, and the fact that THE USA HAD THIS TECHNOLOGY FIRST AND SHIPPED IT TO THE U.K. SOME 5 YEARS BEFORE THE U.S. STARTED USING THE SAME TECHNOLOGY, to save on fuel cost. This is what supposedly amplified the TSE agent via sheep scrapie, and spread via feed in the U.K. bovine, and other countries exporting the tainted product. BUT most everyone ignores this fact, and the fact that the U.S. has been recycling more TSE, from more species with TSEs, than any other country documented, but yet, it's all spontaneous, and the rise in sporadic CJD in the U.S. is a happenstance of bad luck ??? I respectfully disagree. To top that all off, the infamous BSE-FIREWALL that the USDA always brags about was nothing more than ink on paper, and I can prove this. YOU can ignore it, but this is FACT (see source, as late as 2007, in one recall alone, some 10,000,000 MILLION POUNDS OF BANNED MAD COW FEED WENT OUT INTO COMMERCE TO BE FED OUT, and most was never recovered. This was banned blood laced, meat and bone meal. 2006 was a banner year for banned mad cow protein going into commerce in the U.S. (see source of FDA feed ban warning letter below). I stress that the August 4, 1997 USA mad cow feed ban and this infamous BSE firewall, was nothing more than ink on paper, it was never enforceable.
I propose that the current diagnostic criteria for human TSEs only enhances and helps the spreading of human TSE from the continued belief of the UKBSEnvCJD only theory in 2009. With all the science to date refuting it, to continue to validate this old myth, will only spread this TSE agent through a multitude of potential routes and sources i.e. consumption, medical i.e., surgical, blood, dental, endoscopy, optical, nutritional supplements, cosmetics etc. I propose as with Aguzzi, Asante, Collinge, Caughey, Deslys, Dormont, Gibbs, Gajdusek, Ironside, Manuelidis, Marsh, et al and many more, that the world of TSE Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy is far from an exact science, but there is enough proven science to date that this myth should be put to rest once and for all, and that we move forward with a new classification for human and animal TSE that would properly identify the infected species, the source species, and then the route. This would further have to be broken down to strain of species and then the route of transmission would further have to be broken down. Accumulation and Transmission are key to the threshold from sub- clinical to clinical disease, and key to all this, is to stop the amplification and transmission of this agent, the spreading of, no matter what strain. In my opinion, to continue with this myth that the U.K. strain of BSE one strain TSE in cows, and the nv/v CJD one strain TSE humans, and the one geographical location source i.e. U.K., and that all the rest of human TSE are just one single strain i.e. sporadic CJD, a happenstance of bad luck that just happens due to a twisted protein that just twisted the wrong way, IN 85%+ OF ALL HUMAN TSEs, when to date there are 6 different phenotypes of sCJD, and growing per Gambetti et al, and that no other animal TSE transmits to humans ??? With all due respect to all Scientist that believe this, I beg to differ. To continue with this masquerade will only continue to spread, expose, and kill, who knows how many more in the years and decades to come. ONE was enough for me, My Mom, hvCJD i.e. Heidenhain Variant CJD, DOD 12/14/97 confirmed, which is nothing more than another mans name added to CJD, like CJD itself, Jakob and Creutzfeldt, or Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, just another CJD or human TSE, named after another human. WE are only kidding ourselves with the current diagnostic criteria for human and animal TSE, especially differentiating between the nvCJD vs the sporadic CJD strains and then the GSS strains and also the FFI fatal familial insomnia strains or the ones that mimics one or the other of those TSE? Tissue infectivity and strain typing of the many variants of the human and animal TSEs are paramount in all variants of all TSE. There must be a proper classification that will differentiate between all these human TSE in order to do this. With the CDI and other more sensitive testing coming about, I only hope that my proposal will some day be taken seriously. ...
please see history, and the ever evolving TSE science to date ;
Saturday, June 13, 2009
Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States 2003 revisited 2009
http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/2009/06/monitoring-occurrence-of-emerging-forms.html
Thursday, November 05, 2009
Incidence and spectrum of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease variants with mixed phenotype and co-occurrence of PrPSc types: an updated classification
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/11/incidence-and-spectrum-of-sporadic.html
Tuesday, August 11, 2009
Characteristics of Established and Proposed Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Variants
Brian S. Appleby, MD; Kristin K. Appleby, MD; Barbara J. Crain, MD, PhD; Chiadi U. Onyike, MD, MHS; Mitchell T. Wallin, MD, MPH; Peter V. Rabins, MD, MPH
Background: The classic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Heidenhain, and Oppenheimer-Brownell variants are sporadic CJD (sCJD) phenotypes frequently described in the literature, but many cases present with neuropsychiatric symptoms, suggesting that there may be additional sCJD phenotypes.
Objective: To characterize clinical, diagnostic, and molecular features of 5 sCJD variants.
Design: Retrospective analysis.
Setting: The Johns Hopkins and Veterans Administration health care systems.
Participants: Eighty-eight patients with definite or probable sCJD.
Main Outcome Measures: Differences in age at onset, illness progression, diagnostic test results, and molecular subtype.
Results: The age at onset differed among sCJD variants (P=.03); the affective variant had the youngest mean age at onset (59.7 years). Survival time (P.001) and the time to clinical presentation (P=.003) differed among groups. Patients with the classic CJD phenotype had the shortest median survival time from symptom onset (66 days) and those who met criteria for the affective sCJD variant had the longest (421 days) and presented to clinicians significantly later (median time from onset to presentation, 92 days; P=.004). Cerebrospinal fluid analyses were positive for 14-3-3 protein in all of the affective variants, regardless of illness duration. Periodic sharp-wave complexes were not detected on any of the electroencephalography tracings in the Oppenheimer-Brownell group; basal ganglia hyperintensity was not detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging in this group either. All of the Heidenhain variants were of the methionine/ methionine type 1 molecular subtype.
Conclusions: The classic CJD phenotype and the Heidenhain, Oppenheimer-Brownell, cognitive, and affective sCJD variants differ by age at disease onset, survival time, and diagnostic test results. Characteristics of these 5 phenotypes are provided to facilitate further clinicopathologic investigation that may lead to more reliable and timely diagnoses of sCJD.
Arch Neurol. 2009;66(2):208-215
snip...
COMMENT
snip...see full text ;
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/characteristics-of-established-and.html
TSS
December 4th, 2009
New guidance on decontamination of trial contact lenses and other contact devices has been revealed.
The latest recommendations from the Department of Health’s Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP) replace previous guidance issued amid fears that Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) and variant CJD (vCJD), the human form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, ‘mad cow disease’), could theoretically be transmitted from person to person by contact lenses and other devices such as tonometer heads and diagnostic lenses.
Details were discussed at the British Contact Lens Association’s Pioneers’ Conference in London late in November.
Professor Roger Buckley (pictured), a member of the ophthalmology subgroup of the ACDP’s Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Working Group established to review this advice, told BCLA members at the Royal Society of Medicine that there had been no known cases of transmission of CJD/vCJD resulting from contact lens wear or diagnostic examination, and there was now thought to be a low level of risk of infectivity of the cornea and ocular surface.
Under the new guidance, six steps are required to minimise the risk of transmission via re-used contact devices. The lens or device should be: decontaminated immediately after contact with the eye surface; rinsed in Water for Irrigation BP (not tap water) for not less than 30 seconds; cleaned on all surfaces with a liquid soap or detergent, then rinsed in Water for Irrigation BP for a further 30 seconds; immersed in a freshly-prepared solution of sodium hypochlorite providing 10,000ppm of available chlorine for ten minutes; rinsed in three changes of Water for Irrigation BP for a total of not less than ten minutes; shaken to remove excess water, dried with a disposable tissue, and stored dry in a suitable container.
Any further measure (such as autoclaving) can then be carried out, if this is necessary and if the device is designed to withstand such a process. Otherwise, it is ready for immediate re-use.
http://www.optometry.co.uk/newsview.php?id=843
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Agents: Safe Working and the Prevention of Infection: Annex C ANNEX C General principles of decontamination and waste disposal
http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@ab/documents/digitalasset/dh_108602.pdf
Alert to Urological Surgeons TRANSRECTAL PROSTATIC BIOPSY IN MEN AT RISK OF VARIANT CJD
http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@ab/documents/digitalasset/dh_106909.pdf
Ophthalmology
The Ophthalmology subgroup met twice in 2008 on 7th April and 20th June to discuss issues relating to CJD infection control in ophthalmology. The following topic groups were identified: 17 • Anterior eye • Posterior eye • Assessment tool • Decontamination of ophthalmic surgical instruments • Examination, diagnostic equipment and contact lenses • CJD incident management Members were assigned to relevant topic groups, and discussions and research were coordinated by a topic group lead. The topic groups then produced draft guidance on their particular areas of expertise towards the end of 2008. Pathology (Annex K) The Working Group drafted guidelines for pathologists and pathology laboratories for the handling of tissues from patients with, or at risk of, CJD. This document (Annex K of the Working Group guidance) is aimed at pathologists and individuals working in pathology laboratories who handle tissues from patients. It aims to ensure that laboratory staff are aware of risk factors for CJD prior to carrying out procedures on tissues. The draft annex was sent out for a limited consultation with representatives from the Royal College of Pathologists, the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, the British Neuropathological Society and the Health and Safety Executive. The Annex was approved by the Working Group at their December 2008 meeting. Annex K has since been published at:
http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acdp/tseguidance
Pre-surgery assessment (Annex J) The updates to Annex J were approved for publication by the Working Group at their February 2008 meeting, subject to some minor adjustments. The Annex was then signed off by the ACDP Chairman and published on 1st May 2008 at:
http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acdp/tseguidance
see full text ;
http://www.hse.gov.uk/aboutus/meetings/committees/acdp/ar2008.pdf
Friday, July 17, 2009
Revision to pre-surgical assessment of risk for vCJD in neurosurgery and eye surgery units Volume 3 No 28; 17 July 2009
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/07/revision-to-pre-surgical-assessment-of.html
Six steps will minimise risk from trial lenses
Revised guidance on the decontamination of trial contact lenses and other contact devices has been released by the Department of Health's (DoH) Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP).
The new guidance replaces previous advice issued amid fears that Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and variant CJD, the human form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), could theoretically be transmitted from person to person by contact lenses, tonometer heads and diagnostic lenses.
Under the new guidance, six steps are required to minimise the risk of transmission via re-used contact devices. The lens or device should be:
Decontaminated immediately after contact with the eye surface
Rinsed in Water for Irrigation BP (not tap water) for not less than 30 seconds
Cleaned on all surfaces with a liquid soap or detergent, then rinsed in Water for Irrigation BP for a further 30 seconds
Immersed in a freshly prepared solution of sodium hypochlorite providing 10,000ppm of available chlorine for 10 minutes
Rinsed in three changes of Water for Irrigation BP for a total of not less than 10 minutes
Shaken to remove excess water, dried with a disposable tissue, and stored dry in a suitable container.
Any further measure (such as autoclaving) can then be carried out, if this is necessary and if the device is designed to withstand such a process. Otherwise, it is ready for immediate re-use.
Speaking at the British Contact Lens Association's (BCLA) Pioneers' Conference in London on November 26, Professor Roger Buckley, a member of the ophthalmology subgroup of the ACDP's Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Working Group set up to review the advice, said that there had been no known cases of transmission of CJD resulting from contact lens wear or diagnostic examination and there was now thought to be a low level of risk of infectivity of the cornea and ocular surface.
Professor Buckley told BCLA members that if the recommendations were not followed practitioners could be 'on their own medico-legally'.
The full guidance, entitled Managing CJD/vCJD risk in ophthalmology can be found on the DoH website.
http://www.opticianonline.net/Articles/2009/12/14/24605/Six+steps+will+minimise+risk+from+trial+lenses.html
Wednesday, August 20, 2008
Tonometer disinfection practice in the United Kingdom: A national survey
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/tonometer-disinfection-practice-in.html
CJD Human Cornea Tissue, Recall END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 5, 2009
Posted Aug 07 2009 6:32pm
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/cjd-human-cornea-tissue-recall-end-of.html
http://stanford.wellsphere.com/cjd-article/cjd-human-cornea-tissue-recall-end-of-enforcement-report-for-august-5-2009/764280
From: TSS
Subject: Tonometer prism sterilisation: A local and UK national survey (TSE)
Date: August 24, 2007 at 1:24 pm PST
1: Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2007 Aug 17; [Epub ahead of print]
Tonometer prism sterilisation: A local and UK national survey.
Chandra A, Barsam A, Hammond CJ. West Kent Eye Centre,
Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, Kent
BR6 8ND, UK.
PURPOSE: First to audit local adherence to a protocol of use of an alcohol
wipe for each tonometry, and secondly to assess current practice nationally
in the UK. METHOD: The audit was carried out at two units: The West Kent Eye
Centre at the Princess Royal University Hospital (Orpington, UK) and Queen
Mary's Hospital (Sidcup, UK). The standard set for this audit was 100%
sterilisation. During a 1-week period in November 2005, the number of
alcohol wipes was counted in each consultation room after outpatient
clinics, with the doctors being assessed blind to the survey. The number of
Goldman applanation tonometry intra-ocular pressures recorded by each
clinician was counted by inspection of the medical records of patients seen.
Secondly, departments listed in the UK Directory of Training Posts were
contacted by telephone and the senior nurse was interviewed. They were asked
directly about their department's tonometer prism sterilisation and
management. RESULTS: The local audit showed only 54% of tonometry
measurements were associated with sterilisation using an alcohol-impregnated
wipe. The national survey included 140 of the 152 UK training departments.
Thirty-three (23.6%) departments used disposable tonometer prisms routinely.
The remaining 107 (76.4%) used non-disposable prisms. Eighty-five (60.7%)
departments provided sodium hypochlorite for prism sterilisation, with 69
(81.2%) of these departments providing more than one prism/clinician to
allow full exposure to the disinfectant. Twenty-two (15.7%) departments used
alcohol wipes. Only 8 (7.5%) of the 107 departments using non-disposable
prisms tracked these prisms, despite Royal College of Ophthalmologists
guidelines that they should be. These same 8 (7.5%) departments replaced the
non-disposable prisms as per manufacturer guidelines. 19.3% of charge nurses
were aware of a policy for tonometry in patients with, or at risk of, prion
disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that sterilisation of tonometer
prisms was inconsistent in a local audit. Nationally, practices were varied.
The majority of ophthalmology departments continued to use non-disposable
tonometer prisms, but few seemed aware of the Royal College of
Ophthalmologists' recommendation that disposable prisms are used in patients
at risk of prion disease, and few track tonometer heads or replace them
according to manufacturers guidelines. Use of disposable tonometer prisms
would seem to reduce concerns about sterilisation, as well as prevent spread
of common pathogens.
PMID: 17703987 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrezDb=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17703987&ordinalpos=6&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
143
PA-34
SPORADIC CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE: PRPRES IS CONSTANTLY PRESENT IN THE RETINA, AND RARELY IN THE OPTIC NERVE
M. Mangieri1, G. Giaccone1, L. Limido1, G. Di Fede1, S. Suardi1, R. Capobianco1, P. Fociani2, O. Bugiani1, F. Tagliavini1 1 Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Milano, Italy and 2 Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Division of Pathology, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
e-mail: mmangieri@istituto-besta.it
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is marked by the presence of the protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in the brain. Studies of the retina and optic nerve in patients with CJD are scanty and on very small series of patients. We analysed ocular tissues of sporadic CJD patients (retina of 58 and optic nerve of 51), representing all combinations of PRNP codon 129 polymorphisms and PrPres types by Parchi, except VV1. Ocular tissue from 24 patients with other neurological diseases were used as controls. The ocular tissue was collected at autopsy and the samples were fixed in Carnoy solution or frozen. Before immunohistochemistry with 3F4 antibody, the sections were pretreated with proteinase K and guanidine thiocyanate. In all cases of sCJD the retina showed immunoreactivity for PrPres localized in the inner and outer plexiform layers, with a synaptic type of labelling. No difference in the pattern of labeling was detected between CJD patients with different PRNP codon 129 polymorphisms and PrPres types in the brain. In all cases with frozen retinal tissue available (n = 18), the immunoblot was positive for PrPres . Two out of the 51 sCJD showed the deposition of PrPres also in the optic nerve, corresponding to an immunostaining delineating stellate cells and associated with the presence of numerous CD68- and CD45-positive cells. Our results demonstrate the presence of the pathological form of prion protein not only in the retina of all sCJD cases analysed, but also in optic nerve in a small subset of sCJD patients, a finding previously described only in variant CJD and in experimental animal models. Moreover, our data suggest a correlation between the deposition of PrPres and inflammatory changes in the optic nerve in sCJD.
http://www.neuroprion.com/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2006/abstract_book.pdf
----- Original Message -----
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <[log in to unmask]>
To: <[log in to unmask]>
Sent: Thursday, December 28, 2006 10:23 AM
Subject: Ophthalmic Surgery in Prion Diseases
Volume 13, Number 1–January 2007
Dispatch
Ophthalmic Surgery in Prion Diseases
Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi,*1 Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara,* Yosikazu Nakamura,†2 Takeshi
Sato,‡2 Tetsuyuki Kitamoto,§2 Hidehiro Mizusawa,¶2 and Masahito Yamada*2
*Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan;
†Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan ‡National Center for Neurology
and Psychiatry, Ichikawa, Japan; §Tohoku University Graduate School of
Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and ¶Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo,
Japan
Suggested citation for this article
Abstract
Eleven (1.8%) of 597 patients underwent ophthalmic surgery within 1 month
before the onset of prion disease or after the onset. All ophthalmologists
reused surgical instruments that had been incompletely sterilized to
eliminate infectious prion protein. Ophthalmologists should be aware of
prion diseases as a possible cause of visual symptoms and use disposable
instruments whenever possible.
Visual impairment occurs in 10% to 20% of patients with sporadic
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) during an early stage of the disease
(Heidenhain variant) (1,2). Some patients with prion diseases may visit
ophthalmologists with visual impairment due to prion diseases or with
coexisting age-related eye diseases (3,4).
Infectious prion protein (PrPSc) was identified in the retina and optic
nerve in patients with variant CJD (vCJD) and sCJD (5,6), and CJD has been
transmitted by corneal transplantation (7,8). In the World Health
Organization (WHO) guidelines, eyes were classified as highly infectious
tissues (9).
Secondary transmission of PrPSc through ophthalmic surgery could possibly be
prevented around the onset of prion diseases, although surgery that is
performed long before the onset of prion diseases would not have that
potential. It is important to understand the current status of ophthalmic
surgery for patients with prion diseases and to clarify the clinical
features of the patients with prion diseases who undergo ophthalmic surgery.
Here, we describe the relevant data from CJD surveillance in Japan.
The Study.....snip full text ;
http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0612&L=sanet-mg&P=24255
----- Original Message -----
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <[log in to unmask]>
To: <[log in to unmask]>
Sent: Wednesday, December 27, 2006 12:21 PM
Subject: ABNORMAL PRION ACCUMULATION ASSOCIATED WITH RETINAL PATHOLOGY IN
EXPERIMENTALLY INOCULATED SCRAPIE-AFFECTED SHEEP
http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0612&L=sanet-mg&P=24048
Eye procedure raises CJD concerns
November 19, 2004 United Press International by STEVE MITCHELL
A New York man who died from a rare brain disorder similar to mad cow disease in May underwent an eye procedure prior to his death that raises concerns about the possibility of transmitting the fatal disease to others, United Press International has learned.
The development comes on the heels of the announcement Thursday by U.S. Department of Agriculture officials of a possible second case of mad cow disease in U.S. herds.
Richard Da Silva, 58, of Orange County, N.Y., died from Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, an incurable brain-wasting illness that strikes about one person per million.
Richard's wife Ann Marie Da Silva told UPI he underwent a check for the eye disease glaucoma in 2003, approximately a year before his death. The procedure involves the use of a tonometer, which contacts the cornea -- an eye tissue that can contain prions, the infectious agent thought to cause CJD.
Ann Marie's concern is that others who had the tonometer used on them could have gotten infected.
A 2003 study by British researchers suggests her concerns may be justified. A team led by J.W. Ironside from the National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit at the University of Edinburgh examined tonometer heads and found they can retain cornea tissue that could infect other people -- even after cleaning and decontaminating the instrument.
"Retained corneal epithelial cells, following the standard decontamination routine of tonometer prisms, may represent potential prion infectivity," the researchers wrote in the British Journal of Ophthalmology last year. "Once the infectious agent is on the cornea, it could theoretically infect the brain."
Prions, misfolded proteins thought to be the cause of mad cow, CJD and similar diseases, are notoriously difficult to destroy and are capable of withstanding most sterilization procedures.
Laura Manuelidis, an expert on these diseases and section chief of surgery in the neuropathology department at Yale University, agreed with the British researchers that tonometers represent a potential risk of passing CJD to other people.
Manuelidis told UPI she has been voicing her concern about the risks of corneas since 1977 when her own study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, showed the eye tissue, if infected, could transmit CJD.
At the time the procedure was done on Richard Da Silva, about a year before he died, she said it was "absolutely" possible he was infectious.
The CJD Incidents Panel, a body of experts set up by the U.K. Department of Health, noted in a 2001 report that procedures involving the cornea are considered medium risk for transmitting CJD. The first two patients who have a contaminated eye instrument used on them have the highest risk of contracting the disease, the panel said.
In 1999, the U.K. Department of Health banned opticians from reusing equipment that came in contact with patients' eyes out of concern it could result in the transmission of variant CJD, the form of the disease humans can contract from consuming infected beef products.
Richard Da Silva was associated with a cluster of five other cases of CJD in southern New York that raised concerns about vCJD.
None of the cases have been determined to stem from mad cow disease, but concerns about the cattle illness in the United States could increase in light of the USDA announcement Thursday that a cow tested positive on initial tests for the disease. If confirmed, this would be the second U.S. case of the illness; the first was detected in a Washington cow last December. The USDA said the suspect animal disclosed Thursday did not enter the food chain. The USDA did not release further details about the cow, but said results from further lab tests to confirm the initial tests were expected within seven days.
Ann Marie Da Silva said she informed the New York Health Department and later the eye doctor who performed the procedure about her husband's illness and her concerns about the risk of transmitting CJD via the tonometer.
The optometrist -- whom she declined to name because she did not want to jeopardize his career -- "didn't even know what this disease was," she said.
"He said the health department never called him and I called them (the health department) back and they didn't seem concerned about it," she added. "I just kept getting angrier and angrier when I felt I was being dismissed."
She said the state health department "seems to have an attitude of don't ask, don't tell" about CJD.
"There's a stigma attached to it," she said. "Is it because they're so afraid the public will panic? I don't know, but I don't think that the answer is to push things under the rug."
New York State Department of Health spokeswoman Claire Pospisil told UPI she would look into whether the agency was concerned about the possibility of transmitting CJD via tonometers, but she had not called back prior to story publication.
Disposable tonometers are readily available and could avoid the risk of transmitting the disease, Ironside and colleagues noted in their study. Ann Marie Da Silva said she asked the optometrist whether he used disposable tonometers and "he said 'No, it's a reusable one.'"
Ironside's team also noted other ophthalmic instruments come into contact with the cornea and could represent a source of infection as they are either difficult to decontaminate or cannot withstand the harsh procedures necessary to inactivate prions. These include corneal burrs, diagnostic and therapeutic contact lenses and other coated lenses.
Terry Singletary, whose mother died from a type of CJD called Heidenhain Variant, told UPI health officials were not doing enough to prevent people from being infected by contaminated medical equipment.
"They've got to start taking this disease seriously and they simply aren't doing it," said Singletary, who is a member of CJD Watch and CJD Voice -- advocacy groups for CJD patients and their families.
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention spokeswoman Christine Pearson did not return a phone call from UPI seeking comment. The agency's Web site states the eye is one of three tissues, along with the brain and spinal cord, that are considered to have "high infectivity."
The Web site said more than 250 people worldwide have contracted CJD through contaminated surgical instruments and tissue transplants. This includes as many as four who were infected by corneal grafts. The agency noted no such cases have been reported since 1976, when sterilization procedures were instituted in healthcare facilities.
Ironside and colleagues noted in their study, however, many disinfection procedures used on optical instruments, such as tonometers, fail. They wrote their finding of cornea tissue on tonometers indicates that "no current cleaning and disinfection strategy is fully effective."
Singletary said CDC's assertion that no CJD cases from infected equipment or tissues have been detected since 1976 is misleading.
"They have absolutely no idea" whether any cases have occurred in this manner, he said, because CJD cases often aren't investigated and the agency has not required physicians nationwide report all casesof CJD.
"There's no national surveillance unit for CJD in the United States; people are dying who aren't autopsied, the CDC has no way of knowing" whether people have been infected via infected equipment or tissues, he said.
Ann Marie Da Silva said she has contacted several members of her state's congressional delegation about her concerns, including Rep. Sue Kelly, R-N.Y., and Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y.
"Basically, what I want is to be a positive force in this, but I also want more of a dialogue going on with the public and the health department," she said.
http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Science/2004/11/18/eye_procedure_raises_cjd_concerns/2974/
http://www.organicconsumers.org/madcow/CJD111904.cfm
Cadaver corneal transplants -- without family permission
Houston, Texas channel 11 news 28 Nov 99
Reported by Terry S. Singeltary Sr.son of CJD victim
http://www.mad-cow.org/dec99_news.html#bbb
Subject: RE-The Eyes Have It (cjd) and they could be stealing them from your loved one... "pay back time"
Date: Sat, 16 Sep 2000 10:04:26 -0700
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de
######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########
Greetings List Members,
I hate to keep kicking a madcow, but this still is very disturbing
to me. Not only for the recipient of the cornea's, but as well, for
the people whom would be operated on, using the same tools that
were used to put those stolen cornea's in the recipient with.
No history of this donor or his family (re-ffi), or anything
would be known, using stolen organs and or tissue's. I just think
this is not only wrong, but very dangerous to a great many other
people, as this is one of the most infectious tissues of TSE's. It seems
that this practice of stealing organ/tissue happens more than we think.
Anyway, the family of the victim which had their cornea's stolen, are
now suing. In the example I used with my Mother, if 3 months before, she
would have been in a catastrophic accident (car wreck, whatever), no
autopsy (for whatever reason), no family (for whatever reason), she lay
in the morgue, and after 4 hours, they come steal the cornea's, lot of
people could have been infected, just because of lack of medical history
of donor/family. It may be hypothetical, but very real. We need to stop
the spread of this disease.
kind regards,
Terry S. Singeltary Sr., Bacliff, Texas USA
===========================================
Previous story--
Cadaver corneal transplants -- without family permission...
http://www.mad-cow.org/~tom/dec99_news.html#bbb
===============================================
Sept. 15, 2000, 11:39PM
Slain woman's family sues over
missing eyes
By BILL MURPHY
Copyright 2000 Houston Chronicle
The family of a woman who was stabbed to death last year has
filed a lawsuit accusing the Lions Eye Bank of Houston of
removing the woman's eyes without permission and inserting
plastic discs in their place.
Daisy Diaz's relatives were horrified when they saw her body
and noticed her eyes were missing, said their lawyer, Duncan
Neblett III.
"They're a Catholic family," Neblett said. "They have strong
beliefs about the body and burial. They were really upset by
this."
Dorey Zidrow, the eye bank's spokeswoman, said she could
not specifically discuss the Diaz case because it was in litigation.
But Zidrow said a state law allows doctors to remove corneas
-- the dime-sized lens near the eye's surface -- from a corpse
without the family's permission.
The eye bank's usual procedure calls for removing the corneas,
Zidrow said, but not the entire eyes.
"There are an awful lot of people who benefit from this program
in the state of Texas," she said.
Diaz, 25, was stabbed to death in her apartment in the 400
block of Thornton in October. Her brother-in-law, 30-year-old
Raudel Quiroz, is charged in the killing but has not been caught.
Neblett said authorities have told him Quiroz may have returned
to his native Guatemala.
Neither Diaz nor her family had given permission to donate any
of her organs, Neblett said.
Although state law allows corneas to be removed from corpses
without first gaining the family's permission, they cannot be
removed over the family's stated objection.
The eye bank is located at, and staffed by, the Baylor College
of Medicine, and receives part of its funding from the Lions
Club.
The Diaz lawsuit is the second such suit to be filed against the
eye bank in recent years.
The family of Levi Perry Jr., a Houston teacher shot to death in
MacGregor Park in 1994, also alleged in their suit that Perry's
eyes were removed. The family was awarded $345,000 from
the eye bank in April 1999.
http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/story.hts/metropolitan/669555
==========================================================
THE LEGALITY OF STEALING ORGAN/TISSUE...
TEXAS STATUTES
Sec. 693.012. Removal of Corneal Tissue Permitted Under Certain
Circumstances.
On a request from an authorized official of an eye bank for corneal
tissue, a justice of the peace or medical examiner may permit the
removal of corneal tissue if:
(1) the decedent from whom the tissue is to be removed died under
circumstances requiring an inquest by the justice of the peace or
medical examiner;
(2) no objection by a person listed in Section 693.013 is known by the
justice of the peace or medical examiner; and
(3) the removal of the corneal tissue will not interfere with the
subsequent course of an investigation or autopsy or alter the decedent's
postmortem facial appearance.
Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 678, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Note: This information includes legislation enacted through the 75th
Congress. The 76th session of the Texas Legislature has concluded. The
State of Texas has not yet made the new codes available to the public.
Until they do, search the bill text for any changes or amendments.
Search 1999 Legislation for: 693.012
--------------------------------------------------------
TEXAS STATUTES
Sec. 693.003. Consent Required in Certain Circumstances.
(a) A medical examiner or a person acting on the authority of a medical
examiner may not remove a visceral organ unless the medical examiner
or person obtains the consent of a person listed in Section 693.004.
(b) If a person listed in Section 693.004 is known and available within
four hours after death is pronounced, a medical examiner or a person
acting on the authority of a medical examiner may not remove a
nonvisceral organ or tissue unless the medical examiner or person
obtains that person's consent.
(c) If a person listed in Section 693.004 cannot be identified and
contacted within four hours after death is pronounced and the medical
examiner determines that no reasonable likelihood exists that a person
can be identified and contacted during the four-hour period, the medical
examiner may permit the removal of a nonvisceral organ or tissue.
Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 678, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Note: This information includes legislation enacted through the 75th
Congress. The 76th session of the Texas Legislature has concluded. The
State of Texas has not yet made the new codes available to the public.
Until they do, search the bill text for any changes or amendments.
Search 1999 Legislation for: 693.003
--------------------------------------------------------
PLEASE NOTE; the bottom would only pertain to those who know of the
law. if you don't know about it, you cannot dispute, so in four hours,
they can legally remove body organs, as long as they don't disfigure.
and who is to know the difference? makes me wonder of some of my dead
relatives, and if they were burried with their eye's and or any of their
organs. This is very disturbing, if not for moral reasons, but for the
risk of dangerous pathogens (human TSE's, etc.) to be transmitted. only
time will tell, but i am very disturbed.
these laws are not morally correct. They should be re-written as to they
cannot so easily take your organs, with no one knowing. The Family or
Victim, must consent. There should be some kind of research
on donor/family medical history...TSS
--------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 693.013. Persons Who May Object to Removal.
The following persons may object to the removal of corneal tissue:
(1) the decedent's spouse;
(2) the decedent's adult children, if there is no spouse;
(3) the decedent's parents, if there is no spouse or adult child; or
(4) the decedent's brothers or sisters, if there is no spouse, adult
child, or parent.
Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 678, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Note: This information includes legislation enacted through the 75th
Congress. The 76th session of the Texas Legislature has concluded. The
State of Texas has not yet made the new codes available to the public.
Until they do, search the bill text for any changes or amendments.
Search 1999 Legislation for: 693.013
-------------------------------------------------------
to cover one's butt....
Sec. 693.014. Immunity From Damages in Civil Action.
(a) In a civil action brought by a person listed in Section 693.013 who
did not object before the removal of corneal tissue, a medical examiner,
justice of the peace, or eye bank official is not liable for damages on
a theory of civil recovery based on a contention that the person's
consent was required before the corneal tissue could be removed.
(b) Chapter 104, Civil Practice and Remedies Code, applies to a justice
of the peace, medical examiner, and their personnel who remove, permit
removal, or deny removal of corneal tissue under this subchapter as if
the justice of the peace, medical examiner, and their personnel were
state officers or employees.
Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 678, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Note: This information includes legislation enacted through the 75th
Congress. The 76th session of the Texas Legislature has concluded. The
State of Texas has not yet made the new codes available to the public.
Until they do, search the bill text for any changes or amendments.
Search 1999 Legislation for: 693.014
[[[as you can see, they knew it was wrong when they wrote the laws. or
they would not have covered the rear-ends so well...TSS]]]
---------------------------------------------------------
thanks again,
kind regards,
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
############ http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html ############
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. (216-119-138-149.ipset18.wt.net)
Subject: Trial Contact Lenses and RE-USE in the U.S. & CJD, no threat says FDA???
Date: October 7, 2000 at 9:19 am PST
Subject: Trial Contact Lenses and RE-USE in the U.S. & CJD, no threat says FDA???
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 2000 10:27:03 -0700
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de
######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########
Greetings List Members,
It just never ceases to amaze me, that the FDA and the rest of
the different political governmental bodies that are suppose to
protect us, but instead, choose to protect their best interest$
the corporate industries that donate all the cash$ there has been
plenty of warning and tests to prove of some sort of infectivity
in the eyes. the fda speaks of no test for the tears, well hell, there
is no test that will detect it period, but yet you still die from it.
does not mean it is not there. when will they wake up? sporadic
CJD is coming from somewhere and they had better start looking as to
where it is coming from. this is just more typical B.S.eee. please
read the ignorance, below....
thank you,
Terry S. Singeltary Sr., Bacliff, Texas USA
Subject: 09-018 - gsc - flounder@wt.net - concern of CJD transmission
with trial contact lenses
Date: Fri, 06 Oct 2000 14:49:24 -0400
From: "Clark, Geoffrey S."
To: "'flounder@wt.net'"
CC: "Warburton, Karen" ,
"CDRH Small Manu. Assistance"
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.:
I have discussed your concerns with our Device Evaluation staff who have
provided the following information:
The risk of CJD transmission through the use of trial (fitting) contact
lenses is extremely low and at present unmeasureable. There have been
no documented cases of CJD transmission via a contact lens or contact
lens solution. It is highly unlikely that the CJD agent would be
present on the surface of the cornea or present in the tears of an
infected person. Additionally, the use of trial lens sets has been
declining in the US over the past 10 years as the soft contact lens
market has shifted to lenses dispensed in non-reusable blister packs.
Therefore, a formal recommendation against the use of trial lenses
because of potential CJD transmission is not appropriate at this time.
Please feel free to contact me if I can be of additional assistance.
=<:"Geoff Clark gsc@cdrh.fda.gov from PC 5074275; Room 130H <> (HFZ-220)
1350 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850-4307
800.638.2041x122
fax.301.443.8818
=========================================================================
From: Winston, F. Blix
Sent: Tuesday, September 05, 2000 5:00 PM
To: Clark, Geoffrey S.
Subject: 09-018 - flounder@wt.net
Geoff,
This came into the DSMA account. Would you please respond?
Thanks, Blix
-----Original Message-----
From: WEBO@CDRH.FDA.GOV [SMTP:WEBO@CDRH.FDA.GOV]
Sent: Friday, September 01, 2000 9:27 AM
To: DSMA@CDRH.FDA.GOV
Subject: DSMA Email Form Response
Name: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
Phone Number: Na
Fax Number: Na
Email Address: flounder@wt.net
Mailing Address:
P.O.
Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
Questions/Comments:
P990072
*In relation to human Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy and
Contact Lens
i think it would be to everyone's best interest, "IF" the practice of
"RE-USING" _display_ contact lens in the commercial aspect takes place
in the U.S., this practice must be stopped. Please allow me to explain.
In the U.K., the practice of having display of different colors of
contact lens on display, for the consumer to try on, and see how they
look with the different colors. These contact lens were then re-used
over and over. No standard cleaning cleaning solution and or
auto-claving procedure will kill the TSE agent. This is known fact.
Plus, the U.K. has 'BANNED' this practice due to vCJD and sCJD (if i am
not mistaken), but regardless, both can transmit the TSE agent. I will
not waste my time trying to explain this in this box, will post a few
URLS and you will see what i speak of if you care.
But the eyes, brain, pituitary are the most infectious parts, of an
infective species. Trust me, i know what i speak of.......
thank you,
Terry S. Singeltary SR.
=======================
ISSUE 1490
Thursday 24 June 1999
CJD alert over contact lenses
By David Brown, Agriculture Editor
PEOPLE risk catching the human form of mad cow disease from re-used
contact lenses, scientists warned the Government yesterday.
They urged the Department of Health to stop opticians re-using trial
lenses among their clients to help prevent further outbreaks of the new
variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease which has killed 41 people so far.
The warning came from the Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory
Committee, the independent team of scientists advising the Government on
BSE and CJD. Ministers are expected to ban the re-use of these lenses as
a precaution, which could mean higher prices for consumers.
In a statement, the committee said: "Any potential risk is probably very
low, but the committee felt strongly that the Department of Health
should encourage opticians to adopt, as a matter of best practice, the
single use of trial lenses followed by safe disposal." Sir John
Pattison, the committee's chairman, said it was surprised to learn that
it was common practice among opticians to try the same contact lenses on
several clients.
It was known that the classical variety of CJD, the kind which was known
before the new variant (vCJD) was announced in 1996 and linked to BSE,
had been spread in the past by transplants of infected corneas.
The committee noted that the eyes are directly connected to the brain,
the main seat of BSE and CJD. The warning applied to vCJD and the
classical variety of the fatal brain disease.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk:80/et?ac=003588399104365&rtmo=0iJRs00q&atmo=tttttttd&pg=/et/99/6/24/ncjd24.html
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
MARCH 26, 2003
RE-Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States
Email Terry S. Singeltary:
flounder@wt.net
I lost my mother to hvCJD (Heidenhain Variant CJD). I would like to comment on the CDC's attempts to monitor the occurrence of emerging forms of CJD. Asante, Collinge et al [1] have reported that BSE transmission to the 129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype that is indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest sporadic CJD. However, CJD and all human TSEs are not reportable nationally. CJD and all human TSEs must be made reportable in every state and internationally. I hope that the CDC does not continue to expect us to still believe that the 85%+ of all CJD cases which are sporadic are all spontaneous, without route/source. We have many TSEs in the USA in both animal and man. CWD in deer/elk is spreading rapidly and CWD does transmit to mink, ferret, cattle, and squirrel monkey by intracerebral inoculation. With the known incubation periods in other TSEs, oral transmission studies of CWD may take much longer. Every victim/family of CJD/TSEs should be asked about route and source of this agent. To prolong this will only spread the agent and needlessly expose others. In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535
Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States 2003 revisited 2009
August 10, 2009
Greetings,
I would like to submit a review of past CJD surveillance in the USA, and the urgent need to make all human TSE in the USA a reportable disease, in every state, of every age group, and to make this mandatory immediately without further delay. The ramifications of not doing so will only allow this agent to spread further in the medical, dental, surgical arena's. North America seems to have the most species with documented Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy's, most all of which have been rendered and fed back to food producing animals and to humans for years. If you look at the statistics, sporadic CJD seems to be rising in the USA, and has been, with atypical cases of the sCJD. I find deeply disturbing in the year of 2009, that Human Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy of any strain and or phenotype, of all age groups, and I stress all age groups, because human TSE's do not know age, and they do not know borders. someone 56 years old, that has a human TSE, that has surgery, can pass this TSE agent on i.e. friendly fire, and or passing it forward, and there have been documented nvCJD in a 74 year old. Remembering also that only sporadic CJD has been documented to transmit via iatrogenic routes, until recently with the 4 cases of blood related transmission, of which the origin is thought to be nvCJD donors. However most Iatrogenic CJD cases are nothing more than sporadic CJD, until the source is proven, then it becomes Iatrogenic. An oxymoron of sorts, because all sporadic CJD is, are multiple forms, or strains, or phenotypes of Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, that the route and source and species have not been confirmed and or documented. When will the myth of the UKBSEnvCJD only theory be put to bed for good. This theory in my opinion, and the following there from, as the GOLD STANDARD, has done nothing more than help spread this agent around the globe. Politics and money have caused the terrible consequences to date, and the fact that TSEs are a slow incubating death, but a death that is 100% certain for those that are exposed and live long enough to go clinical. once clinical, there is no recourse, to date. But, while sub-clinical, how many can one exposed human infect? Can humans exposed to CWD and scrapie strains pass it forward as some form of sporadic CJD in the surgical and medical arenas? why must we wait decades and decades to prove this point, only to expose millions needlessly, only for the sake of the industries involved? would it not have been prudent from the beginning to just include all TSE's, and rule them out from there with transmission studies and change policies there from, as opposed to doing just the opposite? The science of TSE's have been nothing more than a political circus since the beginning, and for anyone to still believe in this one strain, one group of bovines, in one geographical location, with only one age group of human TSE i.e. nvCJD myth, for anyone to believe this today only enhances to spreading of these human and animal TSE's. This is exactly why we have been in this quagmire.
The ones that believe that there is a spontaneous CJD in 85%+ of all cases of human TSE, and the ones that do not believe that cattle can have this same phenomenon, are two of the same, the industry, and so goes the political science aspect of this tobacco and or asbestos scenario i.e. follow the money. I could go into all angles of this man made nightmare, the real facts and science, for instance, the continuing rendering technology and slow cooking with low temps that brewed this stew up, and the fact that THE USA HAD THIS TECHNOLOGY FIRST AND SHIPPED IT TO THE U.K. SOME 5 YEARS BEFORE THE U.S. STARTED USING THE SAME TECHNOLOGY, to save on fuel cost. This is what supposedly amplified the TSE agent via sheep scrapie, and spread via feed in the U.K. bovine, and other countries exporting the tainted product. BUT most everyone ignores this fact, and the fact that the U.S. has been recycling more TSE, from more species with TSEs, than any other country documented, but yet, it's all spontaneous, and the rise in sporadic CJD in the U.S. is a happenstance of bad luck ??? I respectfully disagree. To top that all off, the infamous BSE-FIREWALL that the USDA always brags about was nothing more than ink on paper, and I can prove this. YOU can ignore it, but this is FACT (see source, as late as 2007, in one recall alone, some 10,000,000 MILLION POUNDS OF BANNED MAD COW FEED WENT OUT INTO COMMERCE TO BE FED OUT, and most was never recovered. This was banned blood laced, meat and bone meal. 2006 was a banner year for banned mad cow protein going into commerce in the U.S. (see source of FDA feed ban warning letter below). I stress that the August 4, 1997 USA mad cow feed ban and this infamous BSE firewall, was nothing more than ink on paper, it was never enforceable.
I propose that the current diagnostic criteria for human TSEs only enhances and helps the spreading of human TSE from the continued belief of the UKBSEnvCJD only theory in 2009. With all the science to date refuting it, to continue to validate this old myth, will only spread this TSE agent through a multitude of potential routes and sources i.e. consumption, medical i.e., surgical, blood, dental, endoscopy, optical, nutritional supplements, cosmetics etc. I propose as with Aguzzi, Asante, Collinge, Caughey, Deslys, Dormont, Gibbs, Gajdusek, Ironside, Manuelidis, Marsh, et al and many more, that the world of TSE Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy is far from an exact science, but there is enough proven science to date that this myth should be put to rest once and for all, and that we move forward with a new classification for human and animal TSE that would properly identify the infected species, the source species, and then the route. This would further have to be broken down to strain of species and then the route of transmission would further have to be broken down. Accumulation and Transmission are key to the threshold from sub- clinical to clinical disease, and key to all this, is to stop the amplification and transmission of this agent, the spreading of, no matter what strain. In my opinion, to continue with this myth that the U.K. strain of BSE one strain TSE in cows, and the nv/v CJD one strain TSE humans, and the one geographical location source i.e. U.K., and that all the rest of human TSE are just one single strain i.e. sporadic CJD, a happenstance of bad luck that just happens due to a twisted protein that just twisted the wrong way, IN 85%+ OF ALL HUMAN TSEs, when to date there are 6 different phenotypes of sCJD, and growing per Gambetti et al, and that no other animal TSE transmits to humans ??? With all due respect to all Scientist that believe this, I beg to differ. To continue with this masquerade will only continue to spread, expose, and kill, who knows how many more in the years and decades to come. ONE was enough for me, My Mom, hvCJD i.e. Heidenhain Variant CJD, DOD 12/14/97 confirmed, which is nothing more than another mans name added to CJD, like CJD itself, Jakob and Creutzfeldt, or Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, just another CJD or human TSE, named after another human. WE are only kidding ourselves with the current diagnostic criteria for human and animal TSE, especially differentiating between the nvCJD vs the sporadic CJD strains and then the GSS strains and also the FFI fatal familial insomnia strains or the ones that mimics one or the other of those TSE? Tissue infectivity and strain typing of the many variants of the human and animal TSEs are paramount in all variants of all TSE. There must be a proper classification that will differentiate between all these human TSE in order to do this. With the CDI and other more sensitive testing coming about, I only hope that my proposal will some day be taken seriously. ...
please see history, and the ever evolving TSE science to date ;
Saturday, June 13, 2009
Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States 2003 revisited 2009
http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/2009/06/monitoring-occurrence-of-emerging-forms.html
Thursday, November 05, 2009
Incidence and spectrum of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease variants with mixed phenotype and co-occurrence of PrPSc types: an updated classification
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/11/incidence-and-spectrum-of-sporadic.html
Tuesday, August 11, 2009
Characteristics of Established and Proposed Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Variants
Brian S. Appleby, MD; Kristin K. Appleby, MD; Barbara J. Crain, MD, PhD; Chiadi U. Onyike, MD, MHS; Mitchell T. Wallin, MD, MPH; Peter V. Rabins, MD, MPH
Background: The classic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Heidenhain, and Oppenheimer-Brownell variants are sporadic CJD (sCJD) phenotypes frequently described in the literature, but many cases present with neuropsychiatric symptoms, suggesting that there may be additional sCJD phenotypes.
Objective: To characterize clinical, diagnostic, and molecular features of 5 sCJD variants.
Design: Retrospective analysis.
Setting: The Johns Hopkins and Veterans Administration health care systems.
Participants: Eighty-eight patients with definite or probable sCJD.
Main Outcome Measures: Differences in age at onset, illness progression, diagnostic test results, and molecular subtype.
Results: The age at onset differed among sCJD variants (P=.03); the affective variant had the youngest mean age at onset (59.7 years). Survival time (P.001) and the time to clinical presentation (P=.003) differed among groups. Patients with the classic CJD phenotype had the shortest median survival time from symptom onset (66 days) and those who met criteria for the affective sCJD variant had the longest (421 days) and presented to clinicians significantly later (median time from onset to presentation, 92 days; P=.004). Cerebrospinal fluid analyses were positive for 14-3-3 protein in all of the affective variants, regardless of illness duration. Periodic sharp-wave complexes were not detected on any of the electroencephalography tracings in the Oppenheimer-Brownell group; basal ganglia hyperintensity was not detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging in this group either. All of the Heidenhain variants were of the methionine/ methionine type 1 molecular subtype.
Conclusions: The classic CJD phenotype and the Heidenhain, Oppenheimer-Brownell, cognitive, and affective sCJD variants differ by age at disease onset, survival time, and diagnostic test results. Characteristics of these 5 phenotypes are provided to facilitate further clinicopathologic investigation that may lead to more reliable and timely diagnoses of sCJD.
Arch Neurol. 2009;66(2):208-215
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COMMENT
snip...see full text ;
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/characteristics-of-established-and.html
TSS
Labels: atypical CJD, CJD, EYE, INFECTION CONTROL, OPHTHALMOLOGY, PRION
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
9:45 AM
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